No. 3 (2025)
Articles

When Existence Grows Heavy: Existential Boredom and the Flight from Ourselves

Stanley Kreiter Bezerra Medeiros
IFRN
Symone Fernandes de Melo
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Bio

Published 2025-05-20

Keywords

  • Existential Boredom,
  • Human condition,
  • Ontological attunement,
  • Taedium vitae,
  • Philosophical psychology

How to Cite

Bezerra Medeiros, S. K., & Fernandes de Melo, S. (2025). When Existence Grows Heavy: Existential Boredom and the Flight from Ourselves. Journal of Boredom Studies, (3). Retrieved from https://boredomsociety.com/jbs/index.php/journal/article/view/39

Abstract

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of existential boredom as a fundamental attunement through which key aspects of the human condition are disclosed—namely, the absence of ultimate meaning, ontological freedom, and finitude. Far from being a fleeting emotion or trivial discomfort, boredom is treated here as a mood with ontological significance, capable of revealing our evasive relationship with our own condition as existing beings. By drawing on philosophical reflections ranging from Seneca’s notion of taedium vitae to modern and existential thinkers such as Pascal, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, and Heidegger, the study outlines how boredom emerges not merely as a symptom of malaise, but as a privileged site for encountering the burden of existence. Our conclusion is that existential boredom exposes the tension between our structural openness to being and our recurring tendency to flee from this openness, revealing the weight—and the truth—of human finitude.

References

  1. Bargdill, R. (2000). The Study of Life Boredom. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 31(2), 188–219. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691620051090979
  2. Borges-Duarte, I. (2006). O tédio como experiência ontológica: Aspectos da Daseinsanalyse heideggeriana. In M. J. Cantista (Ed.), Subjetividade e racionalidade: Uma abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica (pp. 297–323). Campo das Letras.
  3. Casanova, M. A. (2021). Tédio e tempo: Sobre uma tonalidade afetiva fundamental fática de nosso filosofar atual. Via Verita.
  4. Chevitarese, L. P. (2014). Considerações sobre o tédio em Schopenhauer e Fernando Pessoa: Convergências e dissonâncias. Voluntas: Revista Internacional de Filosofia, 5(2), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.5902/2179378633921
  5. Danckert, J., and Eastwood, J. D. (2020). Out of My Skull: The Psychology of Boredom. Harvard University Press.
  6. De Carvalho, P. R. (2014). Tédio: O cansaço do viver. Eduel.
  7. Dutra, E. (2018). Suicídio e desassossego: Pensamentos sobre a morte voluntária em tempos de técnicas. In E. Dutra (Ed.), O desassossego humano na contemporaneidade (pp. 103–127). Via V erita.
  8. Eastwood, J. D., and Gorelik, D. (2019). Boredom Is a Feeling of Thinking and a Double-edged Sword. In J. Ros Velasco (Ed.), Boredom Is in Your Mind (pp. 54–70). Springer.
  9. Eastwood, J. D., Frischen, A., Fenske, M. J., and Smilek, D. (2012). The Unengaged Mind: Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612456044
  10. Elpidorou, A. (2021). The Moral Significance of Boredom: An Introduction. In A. Elpidorou (Ed.), The Moral Psychology of Boredom (pp. 1–33). Rowman & Littlefield.
  11. Elpidorou, A., and Freeman, L. (2015). Affectivity in Heidegger I: Moods and Emotions in Being and Time. Philosophy Compass, 10(10), 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12236
  12. Elpidorou, A., and Freeman, L. (2019). Is Profound Boredom Boredom? In C. Hadjioannou (Ed.), Heidegger on Affect (pp. 177–203). Palgrave Macmillan.
  13. Feijoo, A. M. L. C. (2010). Tédio e finitude em uma perspectiva daseinanalítica. In A. M. L. C. Feijoo (Ed.), Tédio e finitude: da filosofia à psicologia (pp. 145–176). Fundação Guimarães Rosa.
  14. Feijoo, A. M. L. C., and Costa, P. V. R. (2020). Daseinsanálise e a tonalidade afetiva do tédio: Diálogos entre psicologia e filosofia. Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica, 26(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.18065/2020v26n3.7
  15. Ferro, N. (2008). Kierkegaard e o tédio. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, 64(2/4), 943–970. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40419595
  16. Finkielsztein, M. (2024). The Essence of Boredom: The Definition of Situational Boredom. Journal of Boredom Studies, 2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10727142
  17. Freeman, L., and Elpidorou, A. (2015). Affectivity in Heidegger II: Temporality, Boredom, and Beyond. Philosophy Compass, 10(10), 672–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12273
  18. Goodstein, E. S. (2005). Experience without Qualities: Boredom and Modernity. Stanford University Press.
  19. Goodstein, E. S. (2020). Boredom and the Disciplinary Imaginary. In J. Ros Velasco (Ed.), The Culture of Boredom (pp. 23–54). Brill Rodopi.
  20. Hacking, I. (1999). Mad Travellers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illness. Free Association Books.
  21. Han, B.-C. (2023). O coração de Heidegger: Sobre o conceito de tonalidade afetiva em Martin Heidegger. Vozes.
  22. Heidegger, M. (1977). The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays. Harper & Row. Heidegger, M. (1995). The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude. Indiana University Press.
  23. Heidegger, M. (2015). Ser e tempo. Vozes.
  24. Holzhey-Kunz, A. (2018). Daseinsanálise: O olhar filosófico-existencial sobre o sofrimento psíquico e sua terapia. Via Verita.
  25. Kant, I. (2005). Der Streit der Fakultäten. Felix Meiner Verlag.
  26. Kant, I. (2006). Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Cambridge University Press.
  27. Kierkegaard, S. (1980). The Concept of Anxiety: A Simple Psychologically Oriented Deliberation in View of the Dogmatic Problem of Hereditary Sin. Princeton University Press.
  28. Kierkegaard, S. (1987). Either/Or. Princeton University Press.
  29. King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/
  30. Klibansky, R., Panofsky, E., and Saxl, F. (2019). Saturn and Melancholy: Studies in the History of Natural Philosophy, Religion, and Art. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  31. Kuhn, R. C. (1976). The Demon of Noontide: Ennui in Western Literature. Princeton University Press.
  32. Lucretius. (n.d.). De rerum natura. Perseus Digital Library. https://bit.ly/4gTMvwP
  33. Martin, M., Sadlo, G., and Stew, G. (2006). The Phenomenon of Boredom. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(3), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qrp066oa
  34. Mattar, C. (2020a). Depressão: Doença ou fenômeno epocal? Via Verita.
  35. Mattar, C. (2020b). Depressão, tédio e técnica moderna: Contribuições da fenomenologia- hermenêutica. ECOS - Estudos Contemporâneos da Subjetividade, 10(2), 195–207. http://www.periodicoshumanas.uff.br/ecos/article/view/3039
  36. Medeiros, S. K. B. (2023). Afinação e tonalidades afetivas: Uma compreensão ontológica da afetividade ancorada na analítica existencial de Heidegger. In R. S. Kahlmeyer-Mertens (Ed.), Stvdivm: Anuário do Grupo de Pesquisa Fenomenologia, Hermenêutica e Metafísica (Vol. 5, pp. 151–170). Instituto Quero Saber.
  37. Meyer Spacks, P. (1995). Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind. University of Chicago Press.
  38. Minois, G. (2018). História do suicídio: A sociedade ocidental diante da morte voluntária. Editora Unesp.
  39. Nietzsche, F. W. (1968). The Will to Power. Vintage Books.
  40. Nietzsche, F. W. (1988). Menschliches, Allzumenschliches. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag/Walter de Gruyter.
  41. Nietzsche, F. W. (2001). The Gay Science. Cambridge University Press.
  42. Nietzsche, F. W. (2012). Human, All Too Human II and Unpublished Fragments from the Period of Human, All Too Human II. Stanford University Press.
  43. Pascal, B. (1995). Pensées and Other Writings. Oxford University Press.
  44. Ros Velasco, J. (Ed.). (2019). Boredom Is in Your Mind: A Shared Psychological-philosophical Approach. Springer.
  45. Ros Velasco, J. (2020). Humanities Still Have a Say in Boredom Studies. In J. Ros Velasco (Ed.), The Culture of Boredom (pp. 1–19). Brill Rodopi.
  46. Ros Velasco, J. (2021). The Long Hard Road out of Boredom. In A. Elpidorou (Ed.), The Moral Psychology of Boredom (pp. 291–311). Rowman & Littlefield.
  47. Ros Velasco, J. (2022). La enfermedad del aburrimiento. Alianza.
  48. Ros Velasco, J. (2024). A Brief History of the Psychology of Boredom. In M. Bieleke, W. Wolff, and C. S. Martarelli (Eds.), The Routledge International Handbook of Boredom (pp. 106–129). Routledge.
  49. Ros Velasco, J. (2025, in press). The Disease of Boredom. Princeton University Press.
  50. Sartre, J.-P. (2013). Nausea. New Directions.
  51. Schopenhauer, A. (1974). Parerga and Paralipomena (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press.
  52. Schopenhauer, A. (2010). The World as Will and Representation (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.
  53. Schopenhauer, A. (2018). The World as Will and Representation (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.
  54. Seneca, L. A. (1965). Ad Lucilium epistulae morales. Oxford University Press.
  55. Seneca, L. A. (2020a). Of Peace of Mind. Montecristo Publishing.
  56. Seneca, L. A. (2020b). Letters from a Stoic: A Guide to the Good Life. Montecristo Publishing.
  57. Seneca, L. A. (2020c). On the Shortness of Life. Montecristo Publishing.
  58. Svendsen, L. (2005). A Philosophy of Boredom. Reaktion Books.
  59. Toohey, P. (1988). Some Ancient Notions of Boredom. Illinois Classical Studies, 13(1), 151– 164. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064068
  60. Toohey, P. (2011). Boredom: A Lively History. Yale University Press.
  61. Van Hooff, A. J. L. (2002). From Autothanasia to Suicide: Self-killing in Classical Antiquity. Routledge.
  62. Woods, D. (2018). Seriously Bored: Schopenhauer on Solitary Confinement. British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 27(5), 959–978. https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2018.1527755