Journal of Boredom Studies

No. 2 (2024)
Articles

Reflecting on Unraveling the Dance of Daily Proactivity: Impacts on Well-being under the Shadow of Punitive Supervision in Group Processes, Social Cognition and Boredom

PDF HTML
  • João Miguel Alves Ferreira
João Miguel Alves Ferreira
MUHNAC-ULisboa

Published 2024-07-08

Keywords

  • Daily Proactivity,
  • Well-being,
  • Punitive supervision,
  • Group processes,
  • Social cognition,
  • Competence
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Alves Ferreira , J. M. . (2024). Reflecting on Unraveling the Dance of Daily Proactivity: Impacts on Well-being under the Shadow of Punitive Supervision in Group Processes, Social Cognition and Boredom. Journal of Boredom Studies, (2). Retrieved from https://boredomsociety.com/jbs/index.php/journal/article/view/30

Copyright (c) 2024 João Miguel Alves Ferreira

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This reflection explores the intricate interplay between daily proactivity, well-being, and punitive supervision in the context of boredom, group processes, and social cognition. Employing a narrative opinion approach, the study investigates how daily proactive behaviors influence individual and group well-being, particularly in the presence of punitive supervisory practices. Drawing from existing literature and theoretical frameworks, the research delves into the multifaceted implications of proactivity on various dimensions of well-being, including psychological, emotional, and social aspects. Additionally, it examines the moderating role of punitive supervision in shaping the relationship between proactivity and well-being, elucidating potential pathways and mechanisms through which punitive supervision may impact individual and collective welfare. By integrating insights from organizational behavior, social psychology, and human resource management, this reflection contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay among individual agency, supervisory practices, and socio-cognitive processes within organizational contexts. The findings provide valuable guidance for practitioners and scholars, informing strategies for fostering a supportive work environment conducive to both proactivity and well-being, while highlighting the need for further research to explore alternative approaches to supervision that promote employee thriving and organizational effectiveness.

PDF HTML

References

  1. Adolphs, R. (1999). Social Cognition and the Human Brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(12), 469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01399-6
  2. Baer, M., and Frese, M. (2003). Innovation Is Not Enough: Climates for Initiative and Psychological Safety, Process Innovations, and Firm Performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.179
  3. Bandura, A., Azzi, R. G., and Polydoro, S. (2008). Teoria social cognitiva: conceitos básicos. Artmed.
  4. Bearman, P., and Hedström, P. (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology. Oxford University Press.
  5. Benjamin, A. (2002). Making an Entrance: Theory and Practice for Disabled and Non-Disabled Dancers. Routledge.
  6. Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, K., and Hjelt-Back, M. (1994). Aggression among University Employees. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 173–183. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1098-2337
  7. Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H., Gilstrap, J. B., and Suazo, M. M. (2010a). Citizenship under Pressure: What’s a “Good Soldier” to Do? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(6), 835–855. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.635
  8. Bolino, M. C., Valcea, S., and Harvey, J. (2010b). Employee, Manage Thyself: The Potentially Negative Implications of Expecting Employees to Behave Proactively. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910X493134
  9. Bolino, M. C., Hsiung, H. H., Harvey, J., and LePine, J. A. (2015). “Well, I’m Tired of Tryin’!” Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Citizenship Fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 56–74.
  10. Cangiano, F., and Parker, S. K. (2015). Proactivity for Mental Health and Well-being. In S. Clarke, T. M. Probst, F. Guldenmund, and J. Passmore (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Occupational Safety and Workplace Health (pp. 228–250). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  11. Cangiano, F., Parker, S. K., and Yeo, G. B. (2018). Does Daily Proactivity Affect Well‐being? The Moderating Role of Punitive Supervision. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2321
  12. Catania, A. C. (1984). The Operant Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(4), 473–475. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00026728
  13. Chin, A., Markey, A., Bhargava, A., Kassam, K., and Loewenstein, G. (2017). Bored in USA: Experience Sampling and Boredom in Everyday Life. American Psychology Association, 17(2), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000232
  14. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Collins.
  15. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. Basic Books.
  16. Damásio, A. (1997). O Erro de Descartes: emoção, razão e cérebro humano. Publicações Europa América.
  17. Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., Burris, E. R., and Andiappan, M. (2007). Managerial Modes of Influence and Counterproductivity in Organizations: A Longitudinal Business-unit-level Investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 993–1005. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.993
  18. Diário da República (2024). Lexionário: "Assédio". Diário da República. https://diariodarepublica.pt
  19. Dickson, T., and Dolnicar, S. (2004). No Risk, No Fun: The Role of Perceived Risk in Adventure Tourism. Faculty of Commerce - Papers. https://www.researchgate.net/
  20. Domjan, M. (2003). The Principles of Learning and Behavior. Thomson/Wadsworth.
  21. Eastwood, J. D., Cavaliere, C., Fahlman, S. A., and Eastwood, A. E. (2007). A Desire for Desires: Boredom and Its Relation to Alexithymia. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(6), 1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.027
  22. Eastwood, J. D., Frischen, A., Fenske, M. J., and Smilek, D. (2012). The Unengaged Mind: Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612456044
  23. Elpidorou, A. (2018). The Good of Boredom. Philosophical Psychology, 31, 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2017.1346240
  24. Fahlman, S. A., Mercer, K. B., Gaskovski, P., Eastwood, A. E., and Eastwood, J. D. (2009). Does a Lack of Life Meaning Cause Boredom? Results from Psychometric, Longitudinal, and Experimental Analyses. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 307–340. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.3.307
  25. Fahlman, S. A., Mercer-Lynn, K. B., Flora, D. B., and Eastwood, J. D. (2013). Development and Validation of the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale. Assessment, 20(1), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111421303
  26. Fay, D., and Sonnentag, S. (2012). Within-person Fluctuations of Proactive Behavior: How Affect and Experienced Competence Regulate Work Behavior. Human Performance, 25(1), 72–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2011.631647
  27. Fay, D., and Hüttges, A. (2016). Drawbacks of Proactivity: Effects of Daily Proactivity on Daily Salivary Cortisol and Subjective Well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000042
  28. Fisher, C. D. (1993). Boredom at Work: A Neglected Concept. Human Relations, 46(3), 395–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600305
  29. Gerritsen, C. J., Toplak, M. E., Sciaraffa, J., & Eastwood, J. (2014). I Can’t Get No Satisfaction: Potential Causes of Boredom. Consciousness and Cognition, 27, 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.10.001
  30. Ghayas, M., and Jabeen, R. (2020). Abusive Supervision: Dimensions & Scale. New Horizons, 14(1), 107–130. https://doi.org/10.2.9270/NH.14.1(20).07
  31. Grant, A. M., Parker, S. K., and Collins, C. (2009). Getting Credit for Proactive Behavior: Supervisor Reactions Depend on What You Value and How You Feel. Personnel Psychology, 62(1), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.01128.x
  32. Hebb, D. O., and Donderi, D. C. (1987). Textbook of Psychology. Psychology Press.
  33. Hiller, N. J., Sin, H.-P., Ponnapalli, A. R., and Ozgen, S. (2019). Benevolence and Authority as WEIRDly Unfamiliar: A Multi-language Meta-analysis of Paternalistic Leadership Behaviors from 152 Studies. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.11.003
  34. Isacescu, J., Struk, A. A., and Danckert, J. (2016). Cognitive and Affective Predictors of Boredom Proneness. Cognition & Emotion, 31(8), 1741–1748. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1259995
  35. Kaluza, A. J., Boer, D., Buengeler, C., and Van Dick, R. (2019). Leadership Behaviour and Leader Self-reported Well-being: A Review, Integration and Meta-analytic Examination. Work Stress. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2019.1617369
  36. Lewin, K. (1997). Resolving Social Conflicts and Field Theory in Social Science. American Psychological Association.
  37. Mackey, J. D., Frieder, R. E., Brees, J. R., and Martinko, M. J. (2017). Abusive Supervision: A Meta-analysis and Empirical Review. Journal of Management, 43, 1940–1965. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315573997
  38. Mackey, J. D., McAllister, C. P., Maher, L. P., and Wang, G. (2019). Leaders and Followers Behaving Badly: A Meta-analytic Examination of Curvilinear Relationships between Destructive Leadership and Followers’ Workplace Behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 72, 3–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12286
  39. Marques, J. M. (1990). The Black Sheep Effect: Outgroup Homogeneity as a Social Comparison Process. In D. Abrams, and M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social Identity Theory: Constructive and Critical Advances (pp. 131–151). Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  40. Marques, J. M., and Yzerbyt, V. Y. (1988). The Black Sheep Effect: Judgmental Extremity towards Ingroup Members in Inter- and Intra-group Situations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(3), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420180308
  41. Marques, J. M., Yzerbyt, V. Y., and Leyens, J. P. (1988). The “Black Sheep Effect”: Extremity of Judgments towards Ingroup Members as a Function of Group Identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420180102
  42. Mercer-Lynn, K. B., Bar, R. J., and Eastwood, J. D. (2013). Causes of Boredom: The Person, the Situation, or Both? Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.034
  43. Merton, R. K. (1948). The Self-fulfilling Prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8(2), 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4609267
  44. Mitchell, T. R., and Daniels, D. (2003). Motivation. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, and R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology (volume 12). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  45. Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes towards a Description of Social Representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(3), 211–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420180303
  46. Nett, U. E., Goetz, T., and Daniels, L. M. (2010a). What to Do When Feeling Bored? Students’ Strategies for Coping with Boredom. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 626–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.004
  47. Nett, U. E., Goetz, T., and Hall, N. C. (2010b). Coping with Boredom in School: An Experience Sampling Perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36, 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.003
  48. Ndetei, D. M., Nyamai, P., & Mutiso, V. (2023). Boredom. Understanding the Emotion and Its Impact on Our Lives: An African Perspective. Frontiers in Sociology, 8, 1213190. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1213190
  49. Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., and Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization Through Self-regulation: The Effects of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation on Happiness and Vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3), 266–284. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1382
  50. Park, H., Hoobler, J. M., Wu, J., Liden, R. C., Hu, J., and Wilson, M. S. (2019). Abusive Supervision and Employee Deviance: A Multifoci Justice Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), 1113–1131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3749-2
  51. Parker, S. K., Williams, H. M., and Turner, N. (2006). Modeling the Antecedents of Proactive Behavior at Work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 636–652. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.636
  52. Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., and Perry, R. P. (2010). Boredom in Achievement Settings: Exploring Control-value Antecedents and Performance Outcomes of a Neglected Emotion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 531–549. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019243
  53. Reed, G. (2004). Toxic Leadership. Military Review, 67–71.
  54. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness Is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
  55. Selman, R. L., Jaquette, D., and Lavin, D. R. (1977). Interpersonal Awareness in Children: Toward an Integration of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47(2), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1977.tb00981.x
  56. Shirom, A. (2011). Vigor as a Positive Affect at Work: Conceptualizing Vigor, Its Relations with Related Constructs, and Its Antecedents and Consequences. Review of General Psychology, 15(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021853
  57. Skinner, B. F. (1935) Two Types of Conditioned Reflex and a Pseudo Type. Journal of General Psychology, 12, 66–77. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/00221309.1935.9920088
  58. Skinner, B. F. (1938). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. B. F. Skinner Foundation.
  59. Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition’ in the Pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(2), 168–172. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0055873
  60. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. Simon & Schuster.
  61. Skinner, B. F. (2011). About Behaviorism. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
  62. Strauss, K., and Parker, S. K. (2014). Effective and Sustained Proactivity in the Workplace: A Self-determination Theory Perspective. In M. Gagne (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-determination Theory (pp. 50–71). Oxford University Press.
  63. Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of Abusive Supervision. AMJ, 43, 178–190. https://doi.org/10.5465/1556375
  64. Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K., Henle, C. A., and Lambert, L. S. (2006). Procedural Injustice, Victim Precipitation, and Abusive Supervision. Personnel Psychology, 59, 101–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00725.x
  65. Tepper, B. J., Henle, C. A., Lambert, L. S., Giacalone, R. A., and Duffy, M. K. (2008). Abusive Supervision and Subordinates’ Organization Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 721–732. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.721
  66. Thorndike, E. L. (1905) Elements of Psychology. A. G. Seiler.
  67. Tolstoy, L. (n.d.). Nikolaievitch Tolstoy. Pensador. https://www.pensador.com/frase/MjQyMTY4/
  68. Van Tilburg, W. A. P., and Igou, E. R. (2019). The Unbearable Lightness of Boredom: A Pragmatic Meaning-regulation Hypothesis. In J. Ros Velasco (Ed.), Boredom Is in Your Mind. A Shared Psychological-philosophical Approach (pp. 11–35). Springer.
  69. Wang, G., Van Iddekinge, C. H., Zhang, L., and Bishoff, J. (2019). Meta-analytic and Primary Investigations of the Role of Followers in Ratings of Leadership Behavior in Organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(1), 70–106. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000345
  70. Westgate, E. C. (2020). Why Boredom Is Interesting. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419884309
  71. Westgate, E. C., Wilson, T. D., and Gilbert, D. T. (2017). With a Little Help for Our Thoughts: Making It Easier to Think for Pleasure. Emotion, 17(5), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000278
  72. Westgate, E. C., and Steidle, B. (2020). Lost by Definition: Why Boredom Matters for Psychology and Society. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14, 12562. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12562
  73. Wu, C. H., and Parker, S. K. (2014). The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior: A Perspective from Attachment Theory. Journal of Management, 40(6), 1511–1534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544745
  74. Yang, J. (2008). Can’t Serve Customers Right? An Indirect Effect of Co-workers’ Counterproductive Behavior in the Service Environment. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(1), 29–46. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1348/096317907X203742
  75. Zhu, J., Song, L. J., Zhu, L., and Johnson, R. E. (2019). Visualizing the Landscape and Evolution of Leadership Research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30, 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.06.003
  76. Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Xu, S., Yang, L.-Q., and Bednall, T. C. (2019). Why Abusive Supervision Impacts Employee OCB and CWB: A Meta-analytic Review of Competing Mediating Mechanisms. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2474–2497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318823935